Phenolic Profile, Inhibition of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Enzymes, and Antioxidant Properties of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (Solanaceae): In Vitro and In Silico Investigations

In this study, the chemical composition and antioxidant antidiabetic properties of S. elaeagnifolium flower (SEFl), fruit (SEFr), leaf (SEFe) extracts were investigated in vitro silico. HPLC-DAD analysis was used to determine components. Colorimetric techniques identify polyphenols flavonoids. The capacity determined using DPPH TAC assays. activity examined enzymes α-amylase α-glucosidase. Molecular docking methods assess anti-dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity. According HPLC findings, flowers, leaves, fruits are rich salicylic acid, sinapic chlorogenic naringin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-beta-glucoside, kaempferol, chalcone. IC50 for flower, leaf, 132 ± 5.59 μg/mL, 43.19 1.46 respectively. total SEFr, SEFe, SEFl be 900.06 4.01 μg AAE/mg, 792.10 6.72 681.10 3.02 Importantly, SEFl, SEFr displayed significant anti-α-amylase activity, with values 79.16 2.35 µg/mL, 99.16 1.17 40.31 2.04 results also showed that all exhibited potent anti-α-glucosidase whose 20.53 0.37 µg/mL 20.05 0.12 (SEFe), 41.1 1.55 (SEFl). phenolic compounds active site DPP-IV revealed a strong inhibitory effect, glide score ranging from −2.63 −8.10 Kcal/mol. Notably—with scores −8.10, −6.23, −5.73, −5.37 Kcal/mol—rutin, chalcone, naringin most molecules against DPP-IV.